The Role Of Genetic Factors And Contribution To The Risk...

There is extensive and consistent evidence that genetic factors play an important role in modifying an individuals risk for type 2 diabetes of which 70 or more genetic variants have now been associated (Ali,2013) from GWAS studies yet type-2-diabetes genetic risk has limited genes of major effect. Thus, the search for genes contributing to the risk of T2D has been difficult, and the genes themselves have been elusive. A series of genome-wide association scans for type 2 diabetes has been published which shows hundreds of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome which have been assayed in samples from populations of almost exclusively European ancestry, and novel genes such as TCF7L2, SLC30A8, IDE-KIF 11-HHEX,†¦show more content†¦99.9% of the bases in the human genome are remarkably similar; it is the remaining 0.1% of the bases that make an individual unique (Huang, Shu and Cai, 2015). Among this 0.1% of bases, more than 90% are SNPs (FS. Collin s, LD Brooks and A.Chakravarti, 1998). Barbujani et al. (1997) estimated that 85% of SNPs are common to all human populations and that only 15% of SNPs are population specific. Huang, Shu and Cai, (2015) found that SNPs could contribute to many different characteristics, including skin colour, eye colour and the risk of diseases among different populations. Many ethnic minorities in Europe have a higher type 2 diabetes prevalence than their host European populations. The risk size differs between ethnic groups, but the extent of the differences in the various ethnic minority groups has not yet been systematically quantified. Meeks et al. (2015) carried out a meta-analysis of published data on T2D in various ethnic minority populations resident in Europe compared to their host European populations. In this study the ethnic minorities were classified into five populations by geographical origin: South Asian (SA), Sub-Saharan African (SSA), Middle Eastern and North America (MENA), South and Central American (SCA), and Western Pacific (WP). Compared with host populations, SA origin populations had the highestShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Genetic Uses For Type 2 Diabetes730 Words   |  3 Pagesextensive and consistent data that shows genetic factors play an important role in predisposing an individual for type 2 diabetes, of which now 70 or more genetic variants have been associated (Ali,2013) from GWAS studies yet type-2-diabetes genetic risk has limited genes of major effect. Thus, the search for genes contributing to the risk of T2D has been difficult, and the genes themselves have been elusive. A range of genome-wide association scans for type 2 diabetes have been published which show hundredsRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity1413 Words   |  6 Pagesmore than 1.5 billion people that are overweight worldwide (2). There are more than 280 million people around the world that have been diagnosed with diabetes, resulting in at least 1 in 20 adults (2,8). Currently, diabetes is ranked as the seventh overall cause of death in the United States (9). In 2010, on 69,071 death certificates in the United States, diabetes was listed as the underlying cause, and in 234,051 death certificates, diabetes was mentioned as a cause of death (6). The Centers for DiseaseRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On Childre n s Wellbeing And Health999 Words   |  4 Pagesmeasurements (Ogden, 2014). Effects of obesity on health: Psychological and emotional problems are the first to occur in children with obesity. 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Downtown Fresno is home of numerous museums featuring the diversity of cultures for instance Arte Americas includes art from Mexico, and other Latin countries. Also, Fresno has various dining places that offer different types of food from Italian to Indian and few vegan options. Another characteristic Fresno has is the Tower District, its neighborhood contains â€Å"white-collar and blue-collar, families and singles, students and retirees, conservative and liberal† (The TowerRead MoreEpidemiol ogy and Primary Diabetes Prevention Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pagescertificates listed diabetes as the fifth leading cause of death for Blacks aged 45 to 64, and the third leading cause of death for those aged 65 and older in 1990.† (Bailey, 2007). These statistics show how serious the problem of diabetes has become in the black community. Epidemiological studies can focus the efforts of the healthcare community to effective interventions aimed at lowering the prevalence and incidence of diabetes among African Americans. This paper will explore the role of epidemiologyRead MoreObesity Is A Rising Concern1906 Words   |  8 Pagescomplex physiological and genetic systems, which protect them against starvation and protects deposited body fat. Technological aids lessen physical effort, which give rise to an obesogenic environment, thus increasing the risks of obesity and associated diseases (Bellisari, 2008). According to Brown (1991), cultural and biological evolution framework provides the best understanding of human tendencies to obesity and fatness. Both, cultural traits and genes play a significant role in the etiology of adult