Wednesday, October 30, 2019

A Savage Wisdom by Norman German Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Savage Wisdom by Norman German - Essay Example Calloway for which she would die by the electric chair. The year between when McQuiston met and married her husband Claude â€Å"cowboy† Henry and the murder of Calloway were full of extremely rash acts of passion and desperation. Though this is factual, German is able to capably and masterfully depict McQuiston as a woman full of fire and enduring love before illustrating her as a murderess. German creates a backdrop of colorful Louisiana history while telling a story of ‘Toni Jo‘, a woman who falls in love with the very businessman that she is in real life, guilty of sleighing with a single gunshot to the back of the head. German paints a fictional view of ‘Toni Jo Henry’ as a popular girl who emerges from the depression; who finds herself in love with a man who would soon betray her. Certainly, the 25 chapter novel is quite a bit different from the actual events surrounding the life of McQuiston (Toni Jo Henry), but if nothing else, it lends a different rendition of how the story could have very well played out. The historical landmark of McQuiston’s tale is certainly, that she was the first and only woman to have ever been sentenced to die by electric chair in Louisiana, having actually served out her sentence. McQuiston was indeed a woman of beauty, based on the historical photographs which have been preserved, of her. German builds upon this feature possessed by McQuiston such that she was able to succeed with as much as she did based on the merit of her looks. If anything, this may be the downfall of the piece. Certainly, the acts of McQuiston are reprehensible and lend nothing to be dismissed or excused; but she deserves to be remembered as being intelligent; albeit deviously so, before being remembered as a fair beauty. The depiction of McQuiston is certainly meant to be fictional, and is done in a brilliant capacity; but the novel may at times, attribute much of her ability to have gotten as

Monday, October 28, 2019

Critical theory and professionalism Essay Example for Free

Critical theory and professionalism Essay In what ways can critical theory shed light on professionalism? This presentation explores how critical theory can provide a perspective for critiquing professionalism in education. In so doing the nature of the relationship between the professionalisation and social movement trends in education is addressed. An attempt at a definition of professionalism is going to be the focus of the first part of the presentation. Several concepts articulated within critical theory are discussed for their relevance to the issue of professionalism. The work of the Frankfurt School is underlined, drawing parallels to the work of Gramsci and Freire. In the final analysis, specific issues and questions raised by the perspective of Critical Theory are reflected upon as they apply to the professionalisation of education. The concept of professionalism Literature on professionalism is in its abundance. There have been many attempts at providing a clear definition, including the government-led agendas calling for higher degrees on professionalism in education. It can be noted at the outset that attempts at coming up with a definition of professionalism in education have struggled to agree on a particular one. Freidson (1994) has concluded that the use of the term professionalism is inconsistent. He argues that professionalism is ‘The Third Logic’, claiming that professions are occupational groupings that exercise relatively high degrees of control over the conditions as well as how they carry out their work. This kind of arrangement provides a mechanism for organising some aspects of social life in a way that properly deploys specialist knowledge. Professionalism is therefore viewed as a mode of social coordination and competes with, and provides some insulation from, both market and bureaucratic forms of organisation. It has also been viewed as â€Å"a state of mind† or ideology that reflects a way of thinking about the cognitive aspects of a profession and the characteristics that typify a professional (Van Ruler, 2005). In other words, in the case of teaching, professionalism is the cultural means by which we give meaning, purpose, definition, and direction to work as professionals and the place of practitioners in society. It can therefore be claimed that there is no universal agreement of the concept. It has been implored by some authorities for teaching to become evidence-based profession like medicine and law. Hargreaves, for example describes teaching as the â€Å"paradoxical profession†. He asserts that of all the jobs that are, or aspires to be professions, only teaching is expected to create the human skills and capacities that will enable individuals and organizations to survive and succeed. (Hargreaves, 2003). Carr (1992) has suggested that in this ‘extended’ view of educational professionalism, education and teaching are to be understood by reference to the elaborative network of public duties, obligations and responsibilities in which teaching as a social role is implicated. It can be asserted that if teaching is a profession, there has been an assumption that teachers should be equipped with capacities for autonomous judgement and the freedom to exercise this judgement. It could be considered inappropriate for politicians or employers to dictate to teachers what is or is not worthy of inclusion in the school curriculum, or what kinds of knowledge and skill are crucial for the professional conduct of teaching. It is with this view in mind that Flinders (1980) has argued that teaching is an open-ended activity. Helsby (1995) claims that professionalism is subject to geographical and cultural differences and it can be understood as relating to exceptional standards of behaviour, dedication as well as a strong service ethic. This view is supported by Bryan (2003) who argues that professional work can be seen to be increasingly influenced by politics. This can be justified by the claim that the policies of governments are ideologically driven, hence professionalism may be understood as constructs which develop in response to ideological influences. Thomas (2012) uses professionalism as a descriptor of a combination of teachers’ specific capabilities and knowledge, the purpose and ethical underpinnings of their work, the extent to which they are able to exercise independent and critical judgement, their role in shaping and leading changes in their field, and their relationship to other stakeholders. Despite the vicissitude of the notion of professionalism in education, standard analyses of how this concept can be applied in public services such as teaching and nursing have stressed the importance of specialist knowledge  and expertise, ethical codes as well as procedures concerned with training, induction and continuing professional development (Flexner, 1915; Larson, 1977; Langford, 1978; Eraut, 1994). Attached to this view of professionalism is the assumption that in exchange for a greater say in matters related to school and teaching, teachers are expected to submit to greater levels of scrutiny and work roles that go beyond classroom teaching (Stone-Johnson, 2013). In this exchange there is a shift of power whereby as the work of the teachers becomes increasingly professionalised, teachers appear to have surrendered degrees of professionalism. The critical project in education supervenes from the postulation that pedagogical practices are linked to social practices, and that it is the task of the critical intellectual to identify and address injustices in these practices. The Frankfurt School’s perception of Critical Theory was driven by an underlying commitment to the notion that theory as well as practice must inform the work of those who seek to transform the oppressive conditions that exist in the world. Their ideas influenced other great critical theorists such as Freire and Gramsci. If the notion of critical theory is to be linked to the debate on professionalism, it can be argued that the development of critical pedagogy out of critical theory has changed the way through which the role of the teacher is seen, particularly the professional position of the teacher in the society. It has been argued that there has been a widespread erosion of professional autonomy in recent years (Barton et al, 1994, Whitty et al 1998). This has been a result of the centralisation of control over all aspects of teacher’s work such as curriculum (National Curriculum, literacy and numeracy hours), assessment, (SATs, QAA/ Ofsted Inspections) and conditions of service (imposed by the employers in a controlled quasi-market regulated by centralist funding formulae, league tables and inspection regimes.) (Freidson, 2001). This can be corroborated by a survey of teachers carried by Helsby and McCulloch (1997) as it showed that the government onslaught of edicts and initiatives demolished professionalism. It has been argued the formulation of policy documents have positioned the teacher as fundamentally impotent in terms of curriculum design. The teacher  has been reduced to a mere curriculum deliverer. This is mainly to system of communication that is viewed as one-sided by educational critiques. Murphy and Fleming (2010) have attempted to deal with this issue by using the Habermas’ notion of communicative action. They argue that, for Habermas, the essential feature of communicative action is that it aims at reaching agreement. Furthermore in order for that agreement to be not only mutually acceptable but satisfactory, its participants must be willing to make and defend validity claims such as claims of truth, rightness and truthfulness. Habermas’ notion accedes to the fact that while validity claims are raised automatically in everyday communication, it is only when communication aims primarily at reaching consensus, and when participants provide reasons for their argument, that rationality actually manifests itself. It can be argued that in the case of professionalism, Critical Theory is meant to herald a liberatory education that empowers stakeholders, fosters curiosity and critical thinking, and provides a means for crucial successful bottom-up, top-down engagement in the political arena. The introduction of a prescriptive and centralised National Curriculum has greatly weakened the professional confidence of teachers, (Helsby and McCulloch, 1997). It has also left them uncertain of their ability to cope and of their right to take major curriculum decisions. This has resulted in the government having more control over the teaching profession, (Meyer- Emerick, 2004). Critical theory prefers to call this process ‘one-dimensionality’ of life. Thus this extended the existing understanding of power and its impact on the construction of knowledge. Gramsci was deeply concerned with the manner in which domination was undergoing major shifts and changes within the industrial western societies. He developed a theory of hegemony, whereby he sought to explain the manner by which these changes were exercised more and more through the moral leaders of the society (including teachers) who participated in and reinforced universal ‘common sense’ notions of what is considered to be truth in society. This is consonant with Foucault’s questioning of what he termed ‘regimes of truth’ that were upheld and perpetuated through the manner in which particular knowledge was legitimated within the context of a variety of power relationships within the society. Foucault’s perceptions of power is not  solely at play in the context of domination, but also in the context of creative acts of resistance and these are produced as human beings are interact across the dynamic of relationship and shaped by moments of dominance and autonomy. Such a viewpoint challenges the dichotomised standpoint of either domination or powerlessness of power as enticed by radi cal education theorists. Thus it can be argued that Foucault’s writing on knowledge and power shed light on a critical understanding of the teaching profession in relation to authority. More so it does open the door to a better understanding of power relations within the context of teaching practice.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Effects of Caribbean Colonization on the Family: Through the Eyes o

The effects of colonization on the family of Caribbean people, as described by various twentieth century Caribbean woman writers, are as complicated as they are vast. These authors show that families continue to struggle with separation, poverty, and cultural identity issues that create extra ordinary difficulties for the families who live on these post-colonial islands. It can be argued that all families have struggles, both internal and external, and while this is undoubtedly true, the struggles that the families described in these novels endure have a direct connection to their colonized past and the influences of the colonizer, still felt by the countries colonized and their people. The abolition of slavery in these islands did not eliminate the special problems that the former slaves, now inhabitants, would inherit, nor did it eliminate the effects or consequences that these issues would create for the family. One of the most prevalent concerns for these families is that of separation, both literally and emotionally, due to differences in the family members interpretation and acceptance of their own cultural identity. We can see literal family separation in Jamaica Kincaid's â€Å"Annie John,† through both the emigration of Annie's mother, from the Dominican to Antigua, to Annie's eventual immigration to England. These literal separations of family are derived from economical and educational reasons. Annie John leaves Antigua, and her family, at the age of sixteen to pursue a continued education that she can not find in her own country. We can see the emotional toll this has on Annie as she describes her conflicted feelings on her departure: â€Å"My mother and my father... ...mer colonizer. The authors of these novels show us a glimpse of what it was and is like growing up and living in a post-colonial country. Their mouths have been the mouth of misfortunes which have no mouth. Works Cited   Cesaire, Aime. "Xcesaire." Instructional Web Server -. Web. 20 Nov. 2010.   Danticat, Edwidge. Krik? Krak! New York: Vintage, 1996. Print. Edgell, Zee. Beka Lamb. London: Heinemann, 1982. Print.   Estimates, By Some. "Haiti Earthquake Six Months Later: Where Do Things Stand? - ABC News." ABCNews.com - ABCNews.com: Breaking News, Vote 2010 Elections, Politics, World News,Good Morning America, Exclusive Interviews - ABC News. Web. 24 Nov. 2010. Kincaid, Jamaica. Annie John. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1985. Print. Marshall, Paule. Praisesong for the Widow. New York: Plume, 1983. Print.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Disease Research

The ten leading causes of death in the United States of America as of 2005 are heart diseases, malignant neoplasm, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, unintentional disease, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia, Alzheimer’s disease, nephritis and nephrosis, septicemia, intentional self-harm. I preferred diabetes mellitus because I think this kind of disease should be given much emphasis and attention from the government. Diabetes mellitus is a type of disease in the pancreatic area.In this disease, the pancreas does not properly generate insulin. When the body cannot generate enough insulin, hyperglycemia and other related disorders will occur in our metabolism. Diabetes can cause harm in other body organs when complications will arise. First of all, it causes damage to the kidneys which are responsible for the absorption of waste products in our body. Damaged kidneys then causes the end stage renal disease in which the kidneys are destroyed mutel y. This then causes the nephrons to worsen which leads to other diseases such as hepatitis to arise.When this happens, the person now has two or more diseases to worry about. Today, it is estimated that 20. 8 million Americans suffer from diabetes. Out of this 20. 8 million Americans, 6. 2 million are undiagnosed. When diabetes goes unnoticed, prevention and early treatment would be impossible. If diabetes is not treated properly, it will then lead to life-threatening complications as mentioned earlier. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the disease will rise to more than 50% in the next 10 years if ignored.According to the United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2005, â€Å"Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about twice that of people without diabetes of similar age. † (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention & American Diabetes Association, 2005) One major cause of diabetes is an individual’s diet. Since in the United Stat es most follow the â€Å"Western-style† diet in which almost everything is sweet (having lots of sugar in it), it is suggested that people should watch their diet more. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms in diabetes at present.Unwatched diet may cause obesity which then causes some organs to become larger and cannot function properly (Giurini, Cook, & Cook, 2007). Thus, the government must pay their attention on funding research on diabetes because first, more than 20 million people in the US suffer diabetes at present and will increase in the next 10 years; second; most people do not know that they have diabetes; and third, diabetes causes complications and even death when not treated properly and continued unnoticed. People should be well-informed about diabetes so that they will know how to diagnose, prevent, and treat diabetes.   Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, & American Diabetes Association. (2005). United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Retrieved. from. Giurini, J. M., Cook, E. A., & Cook, J. J. (2007). Diabetes: the latest trends in glycemic control. Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 24(2), 159-189.   

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Marilynne Robinson’s Housekeeping

In Housekeeping (1980), Marilyn Robinson provides a sense of women and the space and the domestic constraints of society. The story crosses several generations of women and their lives in a single house in a town named Fingerbone. Ruthie is the main protagonist. She is a young woman who grew up in a household of women, beginning with her grandmother, then her great aunts, her aunt, and her only sister. But the house in which they were all trapped in one way or another was built by and for a man. He was a child of the plains who longed for the mountains, and the site of the house was his dream, not theirs. The isolation of the house physically paralleled the emotional isolation of all the characters. Indeed, the tone of the narration by Ruthie is emotionally flat. Despite the level of tragedy which is continually visited on the family, the language and the flavor of the conversation is highly unemotional and detached. From the perspective of showing an important characteristic of the narrator, her lack of emotion in general, it is rather a boring effect for the reader. It keeps the protagonist distanced from the very audience which should be sympathetic to her. The story is a simple downward progression. Ruthie and her sister Louise came to live in the house after first her grandfather died in a train wreck which pitched the train into a local lake, then her mother committed suicide after dropping the girls off with their grandmother. No reason for this action is given, nor do the characters seem to particularly care. Five years later, their grandmother, who had little emotional connection with the girls also died, leaving her two older sisters-in-law in charge. They equally had no idea what to do with young girls. The first intrusion on the blandness of life was the return of Sylvie, Ruthie's mother's sister who was itinerant and mysterious. Certainly the aunts did not approve of her. But she was a convenience, for when she came the aunts were free to go home and leave matters entirely in her hands. Sylvie is the first person in the novel to show any emotion, and she does show love toward the girls. Sylvie is the breath of fresh air in an otherwise stagnant world. But it quickly becomes apparent that she will probably not stay forever. Lucille is a child who is likely to stay put, but Ruthie responds to Sylvie's suppressed wanderlust. At last they have a source of information about their mother, about the larger world. Sylvie was the opposite of the oppressive atmosphere of the town and the house. Both closed in on a person, making them small. But Sylvie had broken away before, and neither the town nor the house had any real power over her. When spring came shortly after Sylvie's arrival, the town flooded, again cutting the three of them off from other human company and stranding them in the house. With this development, the girls find that they are becoming dependent on Sylvie and for the first time learn that they have something to fear in being separated from her by the state. As always, there is a sense of loss, of the fear of abandonment. The reaction by the local townspeople to the women revealed much of the character of the family and of themselves. Robinson describes them as standoffish, knowing hardly anyone in town. They were self sufficient to themselves, and the house was a symbol of this. It was built alone on a hill so that it did not suffer as the rest of the town did in times of flood. The townspeople came and made sure they were all right and then left to put the town back in order unaided by Ruthie, Sylvie and Lucille. The primary social contact for the girls was the school they attended. But even there, they were isolated. Because of some unpleasantness for Lucille in which she was accused of cheating, both girls played hookey for an extended period of time. It was while they were hiding out that they saw Sylvie try to walk across the narrow, dangerous railroad bridge that spanned the lake. This was the same bridge where the train derailment which killed their grandfather occurred. As a result, both girls were very fearful of the loss they faced if something happened to her. It is at this point that housekeeping comes into the plot. Sylvie talked a lot about it and even did some. But she was very eccentric about the meals she prepared and the cleaning that she did. Lucille was not content with Sylvie, but Ruthie was for Ruthie was a kindred spirit. Lucille began to turn her attention to the town and the more conventional life it held out. By summer, it was clear that Lucille's loyalties lay elsewhere. But for the summer they both stayed out of the house most of the time and hid in the woods. Lucille increasingly found things to dislike about Sylvie, especially her housekeeping which was erratic. She offended Lucille's sense of propriety. By implication, Ruthie lacked one for she and Sylvie seemed to be similar in tastes and goals, or rather lack of goals. Essentially, Sylvie was a transient in the settled world, and Lucille was one who would voluntarily stay put. With time, the girls began to separate, and there arose an us versus them mentality, with us being Ruthie and Sylvie. Lucille invented a mother who was a meticulous housekeeper and a traditional mother. Ruthie had no such illusions, nor did she care. With time, the house under Sylvie's management became increasingly more disheveled, and full of papers and other rubbish. Ruthie adapted and was comfortable with it, as was Sylvie, but Lucille moved out to pursue a more normal life. The climactic series of events which ended up tearing the family apart truly was Ruthie's joining Sylvie in an overnight jaunt which started with a stolen rowboat for a chance to look at the train submerged in the lake holding her grandfather's remains and the eventual ride back into town on a freight train. That set the ladies of the town to trying to see that Ruthie did not herself succumb to being a transient. Under the threat of having the state take Ruthie from Sylvie, both decided to flee together. They first tried to burn down the house, but it did not burn. They escaped by walking at night across the railroad bridge, and were subsequently presumed dead. For the rest of their lives they wandered from place to place, rootless. Ruthie took up the life that Sylvie led, and both drifted around, never seeing Lucille again. There is a great sense of loss and sadness in this book. There is little in the way of close human connection, sympathy, or love. Overall, it is both ghostly and depressing. However, its strength is in the perceptive description of people and places. Robinson is especially vivid with the sense of place, whether of the house or the place in Seattle where the girls lived with their mother before coming to Fingerbone. Her descriptions of people were clear portraits that told as much of their character as their appearance. What the book lacked emotionally was made up in the artistry of the language.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Free Essays on The Environment Around Us

The environment around us controls who we are, what we do, and how we act. The individual may have a slight control of what they do but the over looking factor in them is the environment they are put in. We learn what to do and how to change our behavior due to what the environment puts forth. Free will does not exist in the world that we live in today. Free will is only an illusion that people believe that have. When one looks at life, external forces on their life control them. You can tell this by how a person will change when they are put in a totally different environment then they are used to. In schools the teacher is who conditions kids what they are going to be able to do and how they are going to be able to act. We as behaviorists believe that in a classroom that the teacher should teach with reinforcement. This will shape the kids to do what they are supposed to. With giving reinforcement the kids will learn material matter even if they do not want to learn it or believe t hat can’t learn it. We behaviorists are the opposites of existentialists who believe that free will is the most apparent thing in a individual. The alter of an environment will alter a person’s perception on the world and curriculum. That is why behaviorists believe that school officers should make the curriculum. The student learns what higher officials put forth; the student has no say in what they want to learn. Environment the main part of life and the main part of the making of an individual is critical to one’s attitude and look at life also including school subject matter.... Free Essays on The Environment Around Us Free Essays on The Environment Around Us The environment around us controls who we are, what we do, and how we act. The individual may have a slight control of what they do but the over looking factor in them is the environment they are put in. We learn what to do and how to change our behavior due to what the environment puts forth. Free will does not exist in the world that we live in today. Free will is only an illusion that people believe that have. When one looks at life, external forces on their life control them. You can tell this by how a person will change when they are put in a totally different environment then they are used to. In schools the teacher is who conditions kids what they are going to be able to do and how they are going to be able to act. We as behaviorists believe that in a classroom that the teacher should teach with reinforcement. This will shape the kids to do what they are supposed to. With giving reinforcement the kids will learn material matter even if they do not want to learn it or believe t hat can’t learn it. We behaviorists are the opposites of existentialists who believe that free will is the most apparent thing in a individual. The alter of an environment will alter a person’s perception on the world and curriculum. That is why behaviorists believe that school officers should make the curriculum. The student learns what higher officials put forth; the student has no say in what they want to learn. Environment the main part of life and the main part of the making of an individual is critical to one’s attitude and look at life also including school subject matter....

Monday, October 21, 2019

Classroom Jobs for Elementary Students

Classroom Jobs for Elementary Students The primary purpose for classroom jobs is to teach children a little bit of responsibility. Children as young as five can learn how to clean out their desk, wash the chalkboard, feed the class pet, and so on. It also sets the tone for the new school year by keeping your classroom running smoothly, not to mention give you a break from doing all of the chores yourself. In addition, combined with an official Classroom Job Application, this list of possible jobs will help you design a classroom job program that teaches your young students how to be responsible for themselves.   40 Ideas for Classroom Jobs Pencil Sharpener - makes sure the class always has a supply of sharpened pencils.Paper Monitor - passes papers back to students.Chair Stacker - in charge of stacking the chairs at the end of the day.Door Monitor - opens and closes the door as the class comes and goes.Chalkboard/Overhead Eraser - erases at end of the day.Librarian - in charge of the class library.Energy Monitor - makes sure to turn off the light when class leaves the room.Line Monitor - leads the line and keeps it quiet in the halls.Table Captain - may be more than one student.Plant Technician- waters plants.Desk Inspector - catches dirty desks.Animal Trainer - takes care of any classroom pets.Teacher Assistant - helps the teacher at any time.Attendance Person - takes the attendance folder to the office.Homework Monitor - tells students who were absent what homework they missed.Bulletin Board Coordinator - more than one student who plans and decorates one bulletin board in the classroom.Calendar Helper - helps the tea cher do the morning calendar. Trash Monitor - picks up any trash they see on or around the classroom.Pledge/Flag Helper - is the leader for the Pledge of Allegiance in the morning.Lunch Count Helper - counts and keeps track of how many students are buying lunch.Center Monitor - helps students get to centers and makes sure all materials in place.Cubby/Closet Monitor - makes sure that all students belongings are in place.Book Bin Helper - keep track of the books that students read during class time.Errand Runner - runs any errands the teacher needs done.Recess Helper - carries any supplies or materials needed for recess.Media Helper - gets any classroom technology ready for use.Hall Monitor - goes into the hallway first or opens the door for guests.Weather Reporter  - helps the teacher with the weather in the morning.Sink Monitor - stands by the sink and makes sure students wash their hands properly.Homework Helper - collects students homework each morning from the basket.Duster - dusts the desk, walls, counterto ps, etc. Sweeper - sweeps up the floor at the end of the day.Supplies Manager - takes care of the classroom supplies.Backpack Patrol - makes sure everyone has everything in their backpack each day.Paper Manager - takes care of all of the classroom papers.Tree Hugger  - makes sure that all materials are in the recycle bin that need to be.Scrap Patrol - looks around the classroom each day for scraps.Telephone Operator - answers the classroom phone when it rings.Plant Monitor - water the classroom plants.Mail Monitor - picks up the teachers mail from the office each day. Edited By: Janelle Cox

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Quotes From PW Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa

Quotes From PW Botha, Prime Minister of South Africa I never have the nagging doubt of wondering whether perhaps I am wrong. President P. W. Botha, who served as the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1978 to 1984 and executive State President from 1984 to 1989, gave many memorable remarks about leading South Africa under the policies of apartheid that kept races segregated. On Apartheid I am one of those who believe that there is no permanent home for even a section of the Bantu in the white area of South Africa, and the destiny of South Africa depends on this essential point. If the principle of permanent residence for the black man in the area of the white is accepted, then it is the beginning of the end of civilization as we know it in this country. The people who are opposing the policy of apartheid have not the courage of their convictions. They do not marry non-Europeans. Because you could not translate the word apartheid into the more universal language of English, the wrong connotation was given to it. I am sick and tired of the hollow parrot-cry of apartheid! Ive said many times that the word apartheid means good neighborliness. On Race Relations You could not claim for yourself that which you were not prepared to grant others. The security and happiness of all minority groups in South Africa depends on the Afrikaner. Most blacks are happy, except those who have had other ideas pushed into their ears. If the principle of permanent residence for the black man in the area of the white is accepted, then it is the beginning of the end of civilization as we know it in this country. I am not against the provision of the necessary medical assistance to colored and natives, because unless they receive that medical aid, they become a source of danger to the European community. The white people who came here lived at a very much higher standard than the indigenous peoples and with a very rich tradition, which they brought with them from Europe. Our history is responsible for the differences in the South African way of life. Botha Quotes On Leading South Africa The free world wants to feed South Africa to the Red Crocodile [communism] to appease its hunger. The idea of an Afrikaner people as a cultural entity and religious group with a special language will be retained in South Africa as long as civilization stands. Half a century ago in this court, I was sworn in as the member of Parliament for George. And here I am today...I am not better than General De Wet. I am not better than President Steyn. Like them, I stand firm in my principles. I can do no different. So help me God. Adapt or die. I believe we are today crossing the Rubicon, Mr. Chairman. In South  Africa, there can be no turning back. I have a manifesto for the future of our country and we must engage in positive action in the months and years that lie ahead.From his National Party Congress Speech, 15 August 1985. Sources Crwys-Williams, Jennifer. Penguin Dictionary of South African Quotations. Paperback, Penguin Global, August 12, 2009. Krog, Antjie. Country of My Skull. Hardcover, Crown, First Edition edition, February 22, 1999. Lennox-Short, Alan. A treasury of quotations. AD. Donker, 1991. McGreal, Chris. Brothers in arms - Israels secret pact with Pretoria. The Guardian, February 7, 2006. PW Botha. South Africa Travel Online, 2017. Van der Vat, Dan. PW Botha. The Guardian, November 2006.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Art of Graffiti Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art of Graffiti - Essay Example . . . To them to get busted is like a Purple Heart. Nobody really slams the doors on those thugs. These graffiti vandals are causing people pain and grief. They think they're artists and have some right like free speech to express their individualism or artistry. If they want to be an artist they should go to work for a record company and do hip-hop CD covers. Graffiti might look good to them and their buddies, but the majority of the people don't want to look at that crap every day"2. As a matter of fact "any type of cultural or artistic production forces change on an environment. Most of the time, people abide by well-established rules for culture-producing activities. They do it through consuming certain products in certain ways or by creating symbols of their identity within the scope of what is legal for the entire society. In general, people who write graffiti produce culture in a different manner. No matter what it says, the manner in which graffiti is produced defines the writer's position as an outsider and alienates that person from the rest of society"3. Although there are hundreds of individual styles of graffiti, there are only seven basic forms in which it appears. These forms, the names of which are known to all graffiti writers, can be distinguished generally by their size, location, complexity of design, or the materials used to create them4. Bubble is a style, in which all similar to each other letters are rounded, joined with each other, and looks as though exaggerated, similar to bubbles bursting at the seams. More often it is used just few colors, basically two or three. This is one of the most popular styles of beginners. Wild Style differs from all the other styles, first of all, by the complexity of letters, which most often are non readable. They are so mazy that sometimes even people who know what's what in graffiti and write it, are not capable to puzzle out an inscription, let alone everymen. And only those, who draw in such style, without can easily read the text of the image. The point is that a writer adds additional elements to the letters, which distract attention from letters.FX (or 3D style) differs in absolute volume of letters. To think up such figure is very difficult. It is necessary to possess not ordinary imagination and uncommon thinking to draw a word in volume. Thus, it is necessary that all letters were combined with each other, and it was clear enough what is written. Far not every writer is capable to do it. Moreover a writer needs many years of trainings to write graffiti in this style.Messiah Style. Originality of this style is that letters look like written on separate she ets and imposed on each other. This style has been invented by the inhabitant of New York Vulcan, which works are characterized by original color scale. Charater is a style, in which the characters from the style of comics are used. Sometimes there is a framework of speech, in which can be present the signature of the writer (autograph), or speech of the character. On background often there is an inscription executed in other style. At

Friday, October 18, 2019

Riding around Denver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Riding around Denver - Essay Example The city’s economy is based on the geographical position as a major connector of the transport system. This paper will determine the roles of minority groups played in the urban society, the aspects of technology that interact with an urban environment and how various aspects of Denver city change from the centre to the periphery. Denver is a city that is fast growing in Colorado. The local government has estimated that, by 2025, the metropolitan area is estimated to have about one million people. This is from the current population of 2.5 million. This is the most popular city within a radius of 550 that is centered within the city. According to American community Survey, that was conducted in between 2006-2008, depicted different percentages of racial composition. Whites make a larger percentage of the population of about 63.1% and Hispanic or Latino take 34% of the Denver population. The minority groups in this city include Asian, African American and Native America who take up a small percentage of Denver’s population. While the minority groups continue to form a growing portion of the population, especially in urban areas, these groups have not been included in the decision making process thus, leaving them under represented. The poverty statistics that have been associated with minority groups have affected their contribution towards the urban society. However, racial tolerance is becoming a clear trend in the American society.

Middle East Resturant and Supermarket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Middle East Resturant and Supermarket - Essay Example This paper discusses a business plan that Best Choice, a new medium sized restaurant and supermarket located in Sydney, will emulate in its effort to serve its market segment. Being a business that is focused at providing its Middle East based customers with quality food and Coffee, Best Choice will employ various marketing strategies in order to remain competitive in the local market. Mission statement Best Choice mission is to provide excellent services to the Arab community with an aim of increasing its total sales. Additionally, the business is focused on providing quality foods that are in line with the culture of the Canadian people thus resulting to a strong customer loyalty and trust. Our focus is establishing strong positive relationship with our customers with an aim of increasing annual sales and enjoying sustainable profits. Management team Best Choice will be owned by the founders, Abdulaziz, Nawaf and Saad. In order to ensure that the objectives of the business are achi eved, Best Choice is in the process of training new employees who will take over the management duties in future. In its effort to ensure that the directors are aware of their duties, the firm has initiated effective allocation of tasks. For example, Abdulaziz will be in charge of the whole business. This includes approval of budgets and payments to suppliers, chairing of all the company meetings among other duties. Nawaf, on the other hand, will be responsible for recruiting and training of new employees as well as being in charge of personal facilities in the company. Saad main duties include ensuring the safety of the workers in addition to procuring of the goods and services that the business will require in its operations. The chart below indicates the organizational arrangement that the business will emulate. Objectives To increase sales by over 20,000 $ in the first year of operation To increase the level of satisfaction for our customers Present our culture to all our custom ers in the local and international market. Marketing approach Best Choice will first target Arab community. Similarly, the business is targeted at attracting more local people including Canadians who are working in Sydney. Due to its needs to increase annual sales, the restaurant targets middle aged people. In our effort to create a strong positive relationship with customers, we will provide two key ways that our customers will use to buy their products. These include walking into the store and ordering the delivery of their favorite products through the telephone. In our endeavor to maintain loyalty of our customers, we will emulate a marketing mix that includes the 4Ps (product, price, promotion and place.) Product Best Choice main products include Arabic food and beverages. Through the product diversification, our firm is focused on providing quality brands that meet the needs of local people. It is worth noting that due to the increasing population in Sydney, our business will enjoy an increased demand of our primary products thus resulting to high sales. Price Our business aim is to offer low priced products without compromising the quality. Since our target market is the middle aged consumers, our low prices will attract the attention of new and young consumers who are not financially very stable. To ensure that we have a reasonable control of the market, we are focused at adopting penetrative pricing technique. This will entail lowering

Thursday, October 17, 2019

CIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CIS - Essay Example These features are what connect people as social beings. It is through real conversation that one can express their real emotions and people can be able to express their deep concern. It is a sad state that this new technologies are converting people into asocial beings. Teenagers subscribe to unlimited texts and are always on the phone even when having real conversation with people around them. It is not possible to concentrate on one’s phone and at the same time maintain eye contact with the person one is conversing with. This passes as a rude kind of behavior making the other person feel less appreciated and has ruined our relationship with people around us (Turkle 2013). It is thus possible to stay connected with other people through texts, tweets, FaceBook but at the same time be alienated from people around us. It follows that during conversation, no one really listens to the other causing a disconnection. What is even more scaring is the fact that people do not even get time to be alone. We are always bombarded by emails, text or even tweets during working hours, during our free time and even at night. The exchange of information never stops. This then implies that people never really get time to reflect on their own life and meditate. It has become even more difficult for people to create their own identity as our actions are shaped by these electronic means of communication (Turkle 2013). It is feared that in the end, we will have a world full of people with identical behavior and way of thinking and this blocks creativity and development in general. From this talk, it can be seen that in the near future, people will not be able to make simple personal real life conversation and this will have unimaginable consequences on our social structure. Staying connected has had its advantages in ensuring immediacy of information which has promoted businesses and other operation. Life has become very fast. This situation is scaring and measures need to

Television Incorporated and Face Validity Case Study - 91

Television Incorporated and Face Validity - Case Study Example Jack makes a decision to reduce some of her duties so that she can resume to her normal level of success but things get worse with so many tasks left undone. The person job fits and placement are applied in this case as we see Ada performing so well in her tasks in the first few months before she is overcome with the work overload that she initiated by requesting more tasks from Jack. Face validity is a form of validity that is used to determine if a measure has given the expected results in regards to what it was supposed to measure. In this case, face validity was used to make decisions in various instances. First, Jack is able to pick Ada among the applicants since her credentials show that she can fit in the job of an administrative assistant. Second, Jack used face validity to summon Ada and reduce her duties and responsibilities since he notices the gradual change in how Ada is performing her tasks. The steps in validating a selection device include observing the behavior of an employee and noting whether he or she is performing tasks as allocated. If there is a gradual change as seen in the case of Ada, get concerned and seek to get a solution to the problem. If multiple predictors are used it becomes easier to make a decision that is in line with the firm or organizational goal. Jack has applied predictors in such a case to handle the case related to Ada. The compensatory approach seems to be ineffective here since Ada is not ready to let off some duties even after Jack noting that she is not doing well in her tasks. In addition, after Jack reduces her workload, it becomes worse than it was before as Ada is unable to perform her tasks Validity generalization would not be appropriate for jobs at AAA television. It is clear that there are many tasks associated with AAA television and they are interrelated. If one employee slows down, the rest are affected.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

CIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CIS - Essay Example These features are what connect people as social beings. It is through real conversation that one can express their real emotions and people can be able to express their deep concern. It is a sad state that this new technologies are converting people into asocial beings. Teenagers subscribe to unlimited texts and are always on the phone even when having real conversation with people around them. It is not possible to concentrate on one’s phone and at the same time maintain eye contact with the person one is conversing with. This passes as a rude kind of behavior making the other person feel less appreciated and has ruined our relationship with people around us (Turkle 2013). It is thus possible to stay connected with other people through texts, tweets, FaceBook but at the same time be alienated from people around us. It follows that during conversation, no one really listens to the other causing a disconnection. What is even more scaring is the fact that people do not even get time to be alone. We are always bombarded by emails, text or even tweets during working hours, during our free time and even at night. The exchange of information never stops. This then implies that people never really get time to reflect on their own life and meditate. It has become even more difficult for people to create their own identity as our actions are shaped by these electronic means of communication (Turkle 2013). It is feared that in the end, we will have a world full of people with identical behavior and way of thinking and this blocks creativity and development in general. From this talk, it can be seen that in the near future, people will not be able to make simple personal real life conversation and this will have unimaginable consequences on our social structure. Staying connected has had its advantages in ensuring immediacy of information which has promoted businesses and other operation. Life has become very fast. This situation is scaring and measures need to

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Elementary Classroom Special Needs Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Elementary Classroom Special Needs - Term Paper Example Body The classroom management plan outlines several physical arrangement plans for the classroom because of which students can learn in a different way. The desks are arranged in a manner that students can learn in a cooperative manner. The classroom environment through this type of arrangement is made collaborative which would help students to learn together by discussing things and clearing out things even more. During the course of different assignments the students would be asked to make groups and meet at specific points like the conference table and carpet area. It is in these areas that students would be able to interact and learn in an interactive manner. The desk of the teacher is arranged at the back of the classroom so that he can guide the students. Bookcases would be kept in an area which would have many books and would allow students to read and even borrow books. The centers would be composed of a cluster of desks on which the students would rotate so that the floor sp ace is not taken up. The arrangement of the room is done eloquently in such a manner that the students are able to access books and assignments altogether. The floor space is also conserved and the students are able to access different resources because of such a room arrangement. Handicapped Students should be provided with exceptional resources which would help them to learn in a comfortable manner. A specific space should be kept for them where they can sit in a comfortable manner. Students on wheel chairs should be allotted space in the classroom management plan where they can sit and study (Chopra 2009; Watts & McCord 2006). People use creative visualization in resolving most of their disputes and issues. However, the name given to this concept and the theory behind it is not known to them. Creative visualization lets the person visualize themselves or other objects in a way that facilitates their thoughts. The thoughts of children are vivid and creative visualization is quite natural for them. Their thoughts are more based on imaginations than on actuality of the issues. This pattern of visualization helps some children in developing rapidly while it disrupts the developing pace of the others. The reason is the use of visualization in an efficient or appropriate manner. Children who visualize their failure, fights, disorders in the society and negative elements are more likely to lose courage and self-esteem. This lowered self-esteem and confidence then blocks their ways to successes and achievements. Hence, creative visualization is used as a tool to improve the psychological disruptions of children. Moreover, this concept helps children in learning the positive use of their thoughts and visualization that helps them throughout their lives. Meditation and creative visualization helps children in getting rid of the stress and anxiousness with easy mind relaxing psychological exercises. Teel (2005) classified creative imagination in two boarder concepts. The first one explains the storytelling process or still scene imagination of children, whereas, the other one is related to children’s own thoughts and dream minds. In the first process the narrator or therapist tells children a story. He explains them the whole situation, structure and movements in the scene. The child acts as an artist who gives meaning to those scenes in his imagination. This way, the therapist moves the disrupting thoughts towards soothing and

Develop MPI Essay Example for Free

Develop MPI Essay First, in today’s global economy, many companies are vying for a presence in the global markets. There are several ways to gain entry into a foreign market but many questions must be answered first to make sure there is a return on investment or an exit strategy. In the Foley Company case, Joanne has to determine what are her Company strategies advantages and disadvantages of entering Brazilian market for soybeans harvesters: First, she has to determine whether the Company is considering a standalone entry or entry through alliances. This could be a pivotal point in their decision because on one hand the lack of experience with foreign manufacturing operations could prove to be costly in a standalone entry for example. But as Mr. Osborne point it out this is also a â€Å"too good to lose† market, so an equity-base method of entry through alliances seemed to be a none-starter for Foley Company. But eventually, Ms. Poe has other options to consider for entry strategies: Contract Manufacturing, Licensing, Franchising or Exporting. Contract Manufacturing Contract manufacturing has a flexibility element to it as an entry method as it can be used as an added value to other method of entry. This is a major advantage. Ms. Poe could recommend this option in conjunction with franchising for example. Contract Manufacturing would also give the Foley Company a new look at the market in Brazil because the company has not seen this aspect of business in Brazil. Here, the company could focus on RD and other improvement to its machinery to gain competitive advantage. The advantages of this method of entry could be: low capital required, low risk, manageable exit strategy, easy to structure and direct the process. The disadvantages of this method could be: the Company could lose some control due to lack of international experience, difficult to account for the cultural and differences in quality of work and standards, locally accepted practices can be hard to gauge when selecting vendors of supplies of parts etc. can be a problem for a new entrant in the market especially when there is potential for major capital investment. Licensing Licensing method of entry for companies could be reinsuring for the Foley Company because the Company would be able to legally protect its assets  while in the process conducting market establishing its name in Brazil. But this is more to prepare the â€Å"field† by licensing its rights and expertize to local companies conduct to business on its behalf. The important elements here are protection by the local regulations. The advantages here could be: Less hurdles to enter in case of import complexities in Brazil, fast entry into the market, no capital upfront required to establish a presence. But the disadvantages could be: Decrease in sales (not fully engage yet), culture differences and interpretations, and more importantly, the licensee could collaborate with competitors or become competitors themselves which would complicate future deals in Brazil. Franchising By recommending franchising a method of entry, Ms. Poe could emphasize the fact in this case rapid expansion, where a franchise would maintain a business relationship with Foley Company which would grant it the right to distribute its soybeans harvesters using Foley’s brand in exchange for a fee. The creation of a network of owner operated dealers would increase its market share and expanded territories. Less advertising programs and costs, market penetration at high rate, brand equity. The disadvantage of this method of entry could be the cost of engaging locals by Foley Company and potential lack of connection between the company goals in US and it Brazilian counterpart might cause frictions because the local might not be fully vested into the â€Å"bigger picture†. My recommendation would be: Wholly Owned Subsidiaries: Like many Companies, The Foley Company could establish itself fully in Brazil. This would give the company ownership through wholly owned subsidiaries. This method would allow Foley Company to gain control over manufacturing operations and any profits centers completely without sharing with any potential partners. The drawback to this method of entry would be the high initial investment. There can’t be guarantees here because of other intangible like politics, social, economical facts can complicate matters sometimes. But in the long-run, this method of entry which can be done through Acquisition or Greenfield investment (building entirely new facility), would yield many advantages for the company, for example brand equity, increase its competitiveness in the market. With the right  synergies, the economic benefits, in my opinion would outweigh the costs while expanding the market. References http://www.coursesmart.com/SR/7071808/0077496191/331?__hdv=6.8 https://blackboard.neu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_2239043_1%26url%3D Buckley, P.J., and Casson, M.C. 1998. Analyzing Foreign Market Entry Strategies: Extending the Internationalization Approach. Journal of International Business Studies: 539-561.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Importance of chemical reactor

Importance of chemical reactor INTRODUCTION The most important unit operation in a chemical process is generally a chemical reactor. Chemical reactions are either exothermic (release energy) or endothermic (require energy input) and therefore require that energy either be removed or added to the reactor for a constant temperature to be maintained. Exothermic reactions are the most interesting systems to study because of potential safety problems (rapid increases in temperature, sometimes called ignition behavior) and the possibility of exotic behavior such as multiple steady-states (for the same value of the input variable there may be several possible values of the output variable). In this module we consider a perfectly mixed, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), shown in Figure 1. The case of a single, first-order exothermic irreversible reaction, A > B. We will show that very interesting behavior that can arise in such a simple system. In Figure 1 we see that a fluid stream is continuously fed to the reactor and another fluid stream is continuously removed from the reactor. Since the reactor is perfectly mixed, the exit stream has the same concentration and temperature as the reactor fluid. Notice that a jacket surrounding the reactor also has feed and exit streams. The jacket is assumed to be perfectly mixed and at a lower temperature than the reactor. Energy then passes through the reactor walls into the jacket, removed the heat generated by reaction. There are many examples of reactors in industry similar to this one. Examples include various types of polymerization reactors, which produce polymers that are used in plastic products such as polystyrene coolers or plastic bottles. The industrial reactors typically have more complicated kinetics than we study in this module, but the characteristic behavior is similar. The Modeling Equations For simplicity we assume that the cooling jacket temperature can be directly manipulated, so that an energy balance around the jacket is not required. We also make the following assumptions Perfect mixing (product stream values are the same as the bulk reactor fluid) Constant volume Constant parameter values The constant volume and parameter value assumptions can easily be relaxed by the reader, for further study. Parameters and Variables A Area for heat exchange CA Concentration of A in reactor CAf Concentration of A in feed stream cp Heat capacity (energy/mass*temperature) F Volumetric flowrate (volume/time) k0 Pre-exponential factor (time-1) R Ideal gas constant (energy/mol*temperature) r Rate of reaction per unit volume (mol/volume*time) t Time T Reactor temperature Tf Feed temperature Tj Jacket temperature Tref Reference temperature U Overall heat transfer coefficient (energy/(time*area*temperature)) V Reactor volume DE Activation energy (energy/mol) (-DH) Heat of reaction (energy/mol) r Density (mass/volume) The parameters and variables that will appear in the modeling equations are listed Overall material balance The rate of accumulation of material in the reactor is equal to the rate of material in by flow-the material out by flow. Balance on Component A The balance on component A is where r is the rate of reaction per unit volume. Energy Balance The energy balance is where Tref represents an arbitrary reference temperature for enthalpy. State Variable form of Dynamic Equations We can write (1) and (2) in the following state variable form (since dV/dt = 0) where we have assumed that the volume is constant. The reaction rate per unit volume (Arrhenius expression) is where we have assumed that the reaction is first-order. Steady-State Solution The steady-state solution is obtained when dCA/dt = 0 and dT/dt = 0, that is To solve these two equations, all parameters and variables except for two (CA and T) must be specified. Given numerical values for all of the parameters and variables we can use Newtons method (chapter 3) to solve for the steady-state values of CA and T. For convenience, we use an à «sà ­ subscript to denote a steady-state value (so we solve for CAs and Ts). Dynamic Behavior We noted in the previous section that were three different steady-state solutions to the case 2 parameter set. Here we wish to study the dynamic behavior under this same parameter set. Recall that numerical integration techniques were presented in chapter 4. The m-file to integrate the modeling equations iscstr_dyn.m, shown in Appendix 2. The command to integrate the equations is [t,x] = ode45(cstr_dyn,t0,tf,x0); wheret0is the initial time (usually 0),tfis the final time,x0is the initial condition vector.tis the time vector andxis the state variable solution vector. Before performing the integration it is necessary to define the global parameter vectorCSTR_PAR. To plot only concentration or temperature as a function of time, useplot(t,x(:,1))andplot(t,x(:,2)), respectively. Initial condition 1 Here we use initial conditions that are close to the low temperature steady-state. The initial condition vector is [ conc , temp] = [9,300]. The curves plotted in Figure 2 show that the state variables converge to the low temperature steady-state. Initial condition 2 Here we use initial conditions that are close to the intermediate temperature steady-state. The initial condition vector for the solid curve in Figure 3 is [conc, temp] = [5,350], which converges to the high temperature steady-state. The initial condition vector for the dotted curve in Figure 3 is [conc, temp] = [5,325], which converges to the low temperature steady-state. If we perform many simulations with initial conditions close to the intermediate temperature steady-state, we find that the temperature always converges to either the low temperature or high temperature steady-states, but not the intermediate temperature steady-state. This indicates to us that the intermediate temperature steady-state isunstable. This will be shown clearly by the stability analysis in section 5. Initial condition 3 Here we use initial conditions that are close to the high temperature steady-state. The initial condition vector is [conc, temp] = [1,400]. The curves plotted in Figure 4 show that the state variables converge to the high temperature steady-state. In this section we have performed several simulations and presented several plots. In section 6 we will show how these solutions can be compared on the same à ¬phase planeà ® plot. Linearization of Dynamic Equations The stability of the nonlinear equations can be determined by finding the following state-space form and determining the eigenvalues of theA(state-space) matrix. The nonlinear dynamic state equations (1a) and (2a) are let the state, and input variables be defined in deviation variable form Stability Analysis Performing the linearization, we obtain the following elements forA where we define the following parameters for more compact representation From the analysis presented above, the state-space A matrix is The stability characteristics are determined by the eigenvalues ofA, which are obtained by solving det (lI-A) = 0. det (lI-A)=(l-A11)(l-A22)-A12A21 =l2-(A11+A22)l+A11A22-A12A21 =l2-(trA)l+det (A) the Eigen values are the solution to the second-order polynomial l2-(trA)l+det (A) =0(13) The stability of a particular operating point is determined by finding theAmatrix for that particular operating point, and finding the Eigen values of the A matrix. Here we show the Eigen values for each of the three case 2 steady-state operating points. Input / Output Transfer Function Analysis The input-output transfer functions can be found from G(s)=C(sI-A)-1B(14) where the elements of theBmatrix corresponding to the first input (u1 = Tj-Tjs) are the reader should find the elements of the B matrix that correspond to the second and third input variables (see exercise 8) Here we show only the transfer functions for the low temperature steady-state for case 2. The input/output transfer function relating jacket temperature to reactor concentration (state 1) is and the input/output transfer function relating jacket temperature to reactor temperature (state 2) is Notice that the transfer function for concentration is a pure second-order system (no numerator polynomial) while the transfer function for temperature has a first-order numerator and second-order denominator. This indicates that there is a greater à ¬lagà ® between jacket temperature and concentration than between jacket temperature and reactor temperature. This makes physical sense, because a change in jacket temperature must first affect the reactor temperature before affecting the reactor concentration. Phase-plane Analysis In section 4 we provided the results of a few dynamic simulations, noting that different initial conditions caused the system to converge to different steady-state operating points. In this section we construct a phase-plane plot by performing simulations for a large number of initial conditions. The phase-plane plot shown in Figure 6 was generated usingcstr_run.mandcstr.mfrom the appendix. Three steady-state values are clearly shown; 2 are stable (the high and low temperature steady-states, shown as à «oà ­), while one is unstable (the intermediate temperature steady-state, shown as à «+à ­). Notice that initial conditions of low concentration (0.5 kgmol/m3) and relatively low-to-intermediate temperatures (300 to 365 K) all converge to the low temperature steady-state. When the initial temperature is increased above 365 K, convergence to the high temperature steady-state is achieved. Now, consider initial conditions with a high concentration (9.5 kgmol/m3) and low temperature (300 to 325 K); these converge to the low temperature steady-state. Once the initial temperature is increased to above 325 K, convergence to the high temperature steady-state is achieved. Also notice that, once the initial temperature is increased to around 340 K, a very high overshoot to above 425 K occurs, before the system settles down to the high temperature steady-state. Although not shown on this phase-plane plot, higher initial temperatures can have overshoot to over 500 K before settling to the high temperature steady-state. This could cause potential safety problems if, for example, secondary decomposition reactions occur at high temperatures. The phase plane analysis then, is able to à ¬point-outà ® problem initial conditions. Also notice that no initial conditions have converged to the intermediate temperature steady-state, since it is unstable. The reader should perform an eigenvalue/eigenvector analysis for theAmatrix at each steady-state (low, intermediate and high temperature) (see exercise 3). You will find that the low, intermediate and high temperature steady-states have stable node, saddle point (unstable) and stable focus behavior (see chapter 13), respectively. It should be noted that feedback control can be used to operate at the unstable intermediate temperature steady-state. The feedback controller would measure the reactor temperature and manipulate the cooling jacket temperature (or flowrate) to maintain the intermediate temperature steady-state. Also, a feedback controller could be used to make certain that the large overshoot to high temperatures does not occur from certain initial conditions. Understanding Multiple Steady-state Behavior In previous sections we found that there were three steady-state solutions for case 2 parameters. The objective of this section is to determine how multiple steady-states might arise. Also, we show how to generate steady-state input-output curves that show, for example, how the steady-state reactor temperature varies as a function of the steady-state jacket temperature. Heat generation and heat removal curves In section 3 we used numerical methods to solve for the steady-states, by solving 2 equations with 2 unknowns. In this section we show that it is easy to reduce the 2 equations in 2 unknowns to a single equation with one unknown. This will give us physical insight about the possible occurance of multiple steady-states. Solving for Concentration of A as a function of Temperature The steady-state concentration solution (dCA/dt) = 0) for concentration is We can rearrange this equation to find the steady-state concentration for any given steady-state reactor temperature, Ts Solving for Temperature The steady-state temperature solution (dT/dt = 0) is The terms in (17) are related to the energy removed and generated. If we multiply (17) by VrCp we find that Qrem=Qgen Energy Removed by flow and heat exchange Heat Generated by reaction Note the form of Qrem Notice that this is an equation for a line, where the independent variable is reactor temperature (Ts). The slope of the line is and the intercept is. Changes in jacket or feed temperature shift the intercept, but not the slope. Changes in UA or F effect both the slope and intercept. Now, consider the Q gen term Substituting (16) into (20), we find that Equation (21) has a characteristic S shape for Q gen as a function of reactor temperature. From equation (18) we see that a steady-state solution exists when there is an intersection of the Q rem and Q gen curves. Effect of Design Parameters In Figure 6 we show different possible intersections of the heat removal and heat generation curves. If the slope of the heat removal curve is greater than the maximum slope of the heat generation curve, there is only one possible intersection (see Figure 6a). As the jacket or feed temperature is changed, the heat removal lines shifts to the left or right, so the intersection can be at a high or low temperature depending on the value of jacket or feed temperature. Notice that as long as the slope of the heat removal curve is less than the maximum slope of the heat generation curve, there will always be the possibility of three intersections (see Figure 6b) with proper adjustment of the jacket or feed temperature (intercept). If the jacket or feed temperature is changed, the removal line shifts to the right or left, where only one intersection occurs (either low or high temperature). This case is analyzed in more detail in section 7.3. Multiple Steady-State Behavior In Figure 7 we superimpose several possible linear heat removal curves with the S-shaped heat generation curve. Curve A intersects the heat generation curve at a low temperature; curve B intersects at a low temperature and is tangent at a high temperature; curve C intersects at low, intermediate and high temperatures; curve D is tangent to a low temperature and intersects at a high temperature; curve E has only a high temperature intersection. Curves A, B, C, D and E are all based on the same system parameters, except that the jacket temperature increases as we move from curve A to E (from equation (7) we see that changing the jacket temperature changes the intercept but not the slope of the heat removal curve). We can use Figure 7 to construct the steady-state input-ouput diagram shown in Figure 8, where jacket temperature is the input and reactor temperature is the output. Note that Figure 8 exhibits hysteresis behavior, which was first discussed in chapter 15. The term hysteresis is used to indicate that the behavior is different depending on the direction that the inputs are moved. For example, if we start at a low jacket temperature the reactor operates at a low temperature (point 1). As the jacket temperature is increased, the reactor temperature increases (points 2 and 3) until the low temperature limit point(point 4) is reached. If the jacket temperature is slightly increased further, the reactor temperature jumps (ignites) to a high temperature (point 8); further jacket temperature increases result in slight reactor temperature increases. Contrast the input-output behavior discussed in the previous paragraph (starting at a low jacket temperature) with that of the case of starting at a high jacket temperture. If one starts at a high jacket temperature (point 9) there is a single high reactor temperature, which decreases as the jacket temperature is decreased (points 8 and 7). As we move slighly lower than the high temperature limit point (point 6), the reactor temperature drops (also known asextinction) to a low temperature (point 2). Further decreases in jacket temperature lead to small decreases in reactor temperature. The hysteresis behavior discussed above is also known asignition-extinctionbehavior, for obvious reasons. Notice that region between points 4 and 6 appears to be unstable, because the reactor does not appear to operate in this region (at least in a steady-state sense). Physical reasoning for stability is discussed in the following section. Conclusion and future work Finally the conclusion is that a small study on the continuous stirred tank reactor and its model equation after going through we come to know its importance in the chemical engineering field and also its significance as a chemical reactor The future work is that we have to calculate and prove the equation of the continuous stirred tank reactor using Laplace transformation and check it using the MATLAB he equation of the continuous stirred tank reactor using Laplace transformation and check it using the MATLAB

Saturday, October 12, 2019

To what extent and in what ways are people ?fixed? and ?open to change?

Charles Darwin was not only a pioneer in evolutionary psychology, also today’s theories of modern lifespan development draw on and are influenced by Darwin’s ideas. His functionalist perspective primarily focused on the reason for development of specific human characteristics over many generations, and therefore an enormously long timescale. However, inspired by the observations in the development his own son, Darwin also acknowledged that â€Å"an individual is the result of a gradual sequence of prior changes, both in a broad evolutionary sense and within individual’s own lifetime and further development and changes lies ahead† (Cooper and Roth, p.50, 2003). This notion provided the basis for other researchers to further explore the development of humans over a lifetime period. The human lifespan development can be explored in many different ways, e.g. in terms of biological maturity of the body from a new-born to a physically fully-grown adult, physical deterioration in later stages of live and how that effects people psychologically. Individual physiological and psychological characteristics are potential factors that have different impact on each individual, they therefore are considered as â€Å"internal influences† (Cooper and Roth, p.5, 2003). The development of cognitive abilities, specific historical circumstances or the social and cultural environments of each person present â€Å"external influences† (Cooper and Roth, p.5, 2003). It has to be noted that both internal and external factors can influence each other. We therefore we have to look at these transactions rather than just taking single factors into consideration. Initially, researchers considered the observation of children as a very instructive means in investigating at what point of time certain changes in human behaviour evolve. Through identifying a pattern of changes that take place in the development of a new born into a fully grown adult, researches developed the organismic approach. They believed that in order to achieve adulthood, people go through different phases and that a later stage incorporates and expands on the experiences from an earlier stage in life (â€Å"stage theory†). While adulthood was considered as the end-stage, external factors were identified as potential causes for a delay, acceleration or slowing-down in certain stages of development, but it was suggested that the pat... ... we can consciously change, e.g. getting rid of what we sometimes define as â€Å"bad habits†, or unconsciously after powerful, sometimes traumatic life-events. Human development therefore should be seen as the complex construct of â€Å"interactions between age-related factors, historical factors and random environmental occurrences that only relate to one individual† (Cooper and Roth, p.59, 2003). While early experiences in life might predict certain characteristics that define each individual throughout his/her life, life events and experiences are considered to be major factors that can enhance and undoubtedly change these characteristics. Human development over a lifetime can be seen as a constant journey, with many possible routes, turns, cross-points and sometimes dead-ends. We, as the drivers of the vehicle that takes us through our own individual journey can often chose which road we want to take out of all routes available. Sometimes our choices are limited, but the end point of our journey is the end of our lives, rather then the achievement of adulthood. References: Cooper, T. and Roth, I. (eds) (2003) Challenging Psychological Issues, Milton Keynes, The Open University.

Friday, October 11, 2019

The Path to Happiness and Success

When I ask people what do you want out of life, the majority of people say, â€Å"I just want to be happy† or â€Å"I want to be successful† It seems like that they are not achieving anywhere near the â€Å"happiness† or â€Å"success† So It has opened me new ways of thinking. It made me think about what I want in the future and that I want to be happy and successful at the same time. It is tremendously important for people to have a definite aim of what they want because without such an aim, your life cannot move forward powerfully and progressively. It marks your first point toward success. It is what put your life into real action mode. Without this step, the other steps of achievement cannot take place. To being with, my family is one of the reasons that I am a happy person today. My family is a safe place where I can be myself. I never have to explain myself to my family because they really know who I am. I can cry too hard or laugh too loud and never worry what they will think of me. It is happy when I have a home to come back after a bad or long day. I don’t need to fear that someone may lie to me or hurt me, because I know that my family will do the best thing to me. Moreover, my family members will give me advice if I want it, but they will not judge me or make me ashamed of my behavior.When I was a kid, I always see my parents working so hard to get what they want and that they could be able to provide for me and my family. Thanks to my working-hard parents, it made me want to have a college education and be successful in order to make them more proud. My parents always ask me how I do in college and what I want to study because they just want to make sure that I am on the track to success. Even though I am struggling academically and personally, my parents always make sure that they give me greatest love and support, so that way I will know I have my family by my side.My family are my strength and inspiration, so th ey are the reason I continue to work and study hard. Also having a college experience is the most important thing that has occurred in my life and one of the reasons that I am a happy person today because college is great in the fact that it allows us to expand our knowledge, provides job connections to our chosen field, and we can gain and develop skills (organization, teamwork, time management, etc.) When I arrive at college, I was afraid because I was not sure what to do on my own and that I  would make new friends that quick but I found many that are similar with my interests, values, and even sense of humor, so it was a wonderful feeling to make new friends when you have none.Also I made connections with some college graduates and a few of the professors, which is an important aspect of the college experience because they are further along in their careers than me. When it comes time to search for a job, I am going to take advantage of it, so I can call on those in the networ k that I have built in order to make this process much easier. During my time as a student in RIT, I was starting to find a strong interest in business major that National Technology Institute for the Deaf (NTID) provides because business opens the door to a huge number of potential careers such as accountants and marketers.I completed Associates degree in NTID Business, so I plan on receiving a Bachelor of Science degree from College of Business because I want to continue learning. Also Associates degree is not enough because I want to improve myself and the standard of living for my future family through higher education. My plans are to not only use education as a tool to prepare me for a vocation, but also to help me become a self-sufficient individual who is fully prepared for life. When I completed AS degree, I applied to get in College of Business two times but unfortunately they rejected me twice. I was really upset and heartbroken because getting in College of Business was one of my goals when I starting studying business in NTID.When I was starting to realize that it’s not the end of my life and that I must move on with my life, so I decided to go with Multidisciplinary studies program. Then I choose to study concentrations in Business Administration and Public Relations because those particular concentrations will help me to understand the business world better and increase my knowledge about aspects of running a business. I always want to be involved in Business because it is a growing, dynamic field of study, which opens the door to a huge number of potential business careers, as well as enhances my access to careers in other fields. So I strongly believe concentrations in Business Administration and Public Relations will help my chosen career because it keeps my options open, both for further study and for my chosen career.I once was very uncertain about any career goals I may have had, but now, I am more sure of the direction my life is g oing. When I was young, I never really knew what I wanted to become. when I got older, I always had very high aspirations for myself so I want to own any business someday but In order to be a successful businessman, you must have a career first because it can teach me a lot of things about owning an business. Before running or owing a business, I always want to have a career in any corporate company because they provide good pay and great benefits such as continuing learning for advanced degrees, health insurance, and paid vacation.I have a strong interest in working at SHI International Corp (www.shi.com), headquartered in Somerset, New Jersey. It is a global provider of information technology software, hardware and professional services to small and medium businesses, large enterprises, healthcare providers, government organizations and educational institutions. My sister-in-law works at SHI corporate as an account manager. She told me that SHI International Corp has a range of di fferent job positions from accountants to marketers/salespersons and also they provide continuing learning for employees so they can study for advanced degrees.For instance, SHI pay accountants to study for accountant certification such as CPAs and CMAs only if they work full-time. Also employees can study for any Master’s degree that’s related to their careers. So my most important career goal is growth because there is never a limit for the growth of an individual in a job. In fact, even if a person becomes a CEO of a company, the next level of growth for the individual on a professional level is being an entrepreneur or becoming a proprietor. However, growth does not happen overnight, and being hard-working and committed to a job is one of the most important aspects of growing. Therefore, one should be dedicated and serious about the job.Only when I achieve consistency in my productivity, I will be able to achieve comprehensive growth on a professional level. As you can see, I want to be very happy and successful as I can be. My goals are high, and I intend to challenge myself. I cannot wait to work in the real world because I want to start to boost my success. As for my philosophy, I believe that in order to be successful, you have to want to do it, take time to do it well, and be willing to give it your all. Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success.If you love what you are doing, you will be successful. In today’s world, there are a lot of successful people such as lawyers, doctors, and CEOs but many of them are not happy because they are not happy doing what they do or living with no purpose. So I strongly  believe that happiness is the most important thing in our lives because it is the only way that our lives can be moved powerfully and progressively.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Environmental Science in Today’s World Essay

Humans so dominate today’s world that there is no ecosystem on earth that has not been influenced to a greater or lesser degree of human activities. And, as long as humans remain on earth, such influence will not end. Sustainability will depend on learning to channel our efforts so that we play a positive supporting role as opposed to a destructive role toward ecosystems (Nebel & Wright, 1993). Environmental risk is a reality of today’s world. The seemingly endless supply of synthetic chemicals, consumer goods, energy, and waste create new risks through chemical contamination, pollution, and environmental degradation. Environmental disasters such as chemical spills or explosions threaten millions of people living in the vicinity of manufacturing or storage facilities. The uncertain risks of global warming and ozone depletion loom ahead. A central factor of environmental risk is that it is usually involuntary. People do not choose to ingest chemical pollutants such as pesticides or industrial solvents in their food and water, to undergo workplace exposures to dangerous chemicals, to breathe polluted air, or to experience radiation exposure from nuclear fallout or faulty nuclear power plants. These environmental risks pose a unique problem to regulators charged with protecting the public health. Limited information may be available on the health effects of these risks. Consequently, in an effort to protect the public’s health, various government agencies study these potential hazards to determine the level of risk they pose. This effort to understand these risks, and to quantify their impact on human health, is the field of risk analysis (Moore, 2002). The scale of human occupation and transformation of the environment is now truly global. The adverse health effects of this ignorance may have been limited, as the environmental damage was on a local scale. However, in today’s world our activities are having an impact at a global scale, and global environmental change will become a major theme in public health research, social policy and development, and political advocacy in the 21st century. The conceptualization of the environment as a global public good for health should go some way not only in increasing an appreciation for this heritage and dependency, but should also enhance the interface between research and policy. This increased awareness and interface between key stakeholders might lead to effective action to ensure a sustainable future for current and future generations (Hester & Harrison, 2002).

Eastboro Machine Tools Corporation Essay

Our main concern with Eastboro is their current dividend policy. With their current 40% dividend payout ratio, they will have to continue to borrow money to pay their dividend until the end of 2006. In 2007, they finally see an excess of cash after the dividend. With this current ratio, Eastboro’s hope to expand more in the international market is very restrained. Since management does not like to take on debt, they theoretically won’t expand until 2007. However, with the recent restructuring of the company and recommendation of a name change, we feel that the dividend policy needs a make-over, as well. Management wants to focus their energy to moving the image of the company to more of a growth company as opposed to a high dividend paying mature company. To obtain this image, the dividend payout ratio needs to be lowered drastically to a payout ratio of 10%. With this decrease in the payout, the new Eastboro Advanced Systems International (EASI) will convince shareholders of their change to a growth company. Switching to a 10% payout ratio allows Eastboro to see excess cash by 2004, rather than 2007 with the current ratio, giving them the ability to fund the international growth sooner. This will also attract new investors, which in the short-term will offset the expected loss of some current shareholders. We feel that this change will help increase the value of the company and the upside will, in the future, outweigh the downside. The idea behind reducing the payout to 10% is that EASI will be able to  consistently reach this target. At the end of each year, after all projects have been funded, EASI will be able to issue a special dividend to shareholders. With this ability, Eastboro will not have a problem retaining the shareholders or obtaining new shareholders. The recent attack on September 11, 2001 has caused the market to see some low results. Since the stock price has fallen from $30 to $22.15, this would be a good opportunity for EASI to repurchase some stock to help increase the value to the shareholders. Repurchasing some stock at this point will signal to shareholders that management feels strongly about the restructuring of the company. This, also, will give the shareholders the confidence to remain with the company. RECOMMENDATIONS We recommend that Eastboro change their name to Eastboro Advanced Systems International, Inc. to introduce the company as heading in the new direction of becoming a more technology advanced company. We also recommend reducing the dividend payout to 10%, as well as the repurchase of stock at the current price to help increase value. This will reduce the company’s dependency on borrowed funds, reducing the forecasted loss of the company and making them more profitable in shorter time period. This will give them increased cash flows to reinvest in CAD/CAM research to keep the company on the leading edge of advancement of their Artificial Workforce and related products at home and abroad. Along with the change in company dividend payout policy, a statement should be issued to inform the stockholders of the company’s direction and the continued importance to improve the company’s CAD/CAM products. To maximize shareholder wealth, we will be sticking to a 10% dividend in the future with the possibility of special dividends. With these changes, Eastboro will be signaling their focus on becoming a high growth stock. CRITIQUE Overall group five did a very good job addressing the major issues in this  case. They tackled the issues of the dividend policy, the proposed name change for Eastboro, and whether or not to buy back shares of stock. We agree with much of their analysis and recommendations. By lowering the dividend policy to 15%, they are allowing a larger portion of funds to be used for future research and development, an idea we agree with. By cutting this percentage back from a current rate of 40%, there will obviously be a reaction by both current and prospective stockholders. By approving the name change to Eastboro Advanced Systems International, they are signaling to the street that they are committed to future growth, and will no longer be able to be relied upon for high dividend payouts. We also like the fact that they did a dividend valuation, showing that Eastboro is currently under-valued, and does have a strong future. The only major issue we have with their analysis is a couple mistakes in the data they used. In reporting net income for 2001 in their forecasts for potential dividend payouts, they used 8. The correct number here, as given by the text, is 18. Also, they used the wrong depreciation data in several years in this forecast. These mistakes would have been realized if they had reviewed their brief adequately. These mistakes skew the numbers enough to mislead readers, showing the wrong timeframe for excess cash. In conclusion, group five did a very good job on the major issues in this case. However, they should have taken more time reviewing some of their data to ensure accuracy. LIMITATIONS There are several limitations in this case. One of the main issues is what kind of fallout will be produced by the cutting of the dividend payout from the current rate of 40% to a rate of 10%. We are assuming that those who are currently holding the stock for these large dividend payments will either stay with Eastboro, or will be replaced by new investors whose goals better represent Eastboro’s vision. We are also forecasting all numbers with an assumed growth rate of 15%, which obviously has the possibility, if not the probability of fluctuating below or above this number. Also, we are assuming the recent focus on the CAD/CAM technology will be profitable for Eastboro in the long-run, and that this new vision will create value for shareholders. Lastly, we are assuming that the market as a whole will perceive this move for what it is, a change in focus for a solid company with high potential for future growth. An alternative would be that people would look at the cut in dividends for a company who had historically paid them as a signal of weakness for Eastboro. We’re going with the assumption that the name change, as well as proper marketing practices by Eastboro should adequately address this problem.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Summary of 3 topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Summary of 3 topics - Essay Example It is supported by the claim of providing the examples and practical elementary facts related to how the established forces and agents of the American automobile industry played their roles in reducing the spectrum and scope of electric car and in return led to its subsequent failure. The cause and claim for developing electric car gained impetus and demand in the early 1990s when people demanded introduction of the new form of automobiles that would not add to the already threatened environment and the constraints that are faced by it. Owing to the public demand and the requirements the director of the movie Chris Paine undertook the investigative strategy and study in bid to expose all the ingredients and factors that did not let it flourish. A certain segment and monopoly has been said to be responsible for the non flourishing of the possible solution to the global oil consumption, global environment threats and other costs and economic considerations and constraints subjected with the usage of the fuel supported automobiles that are largely in place at present. The movie in the form of documentary and given an account of the ground facts that dominate and dictate the terms of the modern day automobile industries as well as the factors that are impeding the growth and introduction of the electric cars. The director of the movie has invested considerable research into the movie with aims of providing the customers with the real objectives and reasons why the technology could not flourish. The documentary made quite a stir with regard to its subject and the message conveyed through it. The directional features and other angles of the good movie making and the essentials required for a movie are fulfilled and based on this the move has won number of awards in terms of the critics and directional specialties. The movie rightly points out to the objects and the leads in the modern day that are obstructing the growth of this technology

Tuesday, October 8, 2019

Primary Source Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Primary Source Analysis - Essay Example The poor were often mistreated and subjected to intense, sometimes brutal employment with minimal wages or opportunities. Aristotle is attempting to illustrate the importance of democracy as a foundational value system in political leadership and identify the risks associated with wealthier individuals coming to power and creating unfair, self-centered governments. Aristotle identifies that tyrannical leadership is often created by those who were born into wealth and influence who do not learn important lessons regarding compliance and submission. Aristotle points out that the most valuable position in a society is within the middle class ranks since it is here where lessons about servitude, ethical behavior and moral principles are developed. The rich, on the other hand, seem to be more influential and eventually rise to authority in government without having the important lessons learned about how to treat others properly. Key terms in this document include democracy and oligarchy.